Personal Analysis Of A Day In Trondheims Cathedral Photos

I hope youre still doing well, and that the weather has been holding up. I read that parts of Europe suffered a severe storm, but England did not feature, so I hope youve been spared this. I have still not had an opportunity to work my way through your pictures, nor most of my own. But I did manage to try out a Google album of the days in Trondheim and Oslo (there werent too many pics on these two days), which I have only shared with my own family (some of them) and a friend who kept asking me for pictures. This method is completely new to me, and I am not sure I like it. I dont know what kind of quality the pictures are that you get to see, and though there are no addresses, I am not sure how comfortable people would feel about having†¦show more content†¦I thought of asking Willow to help organise it into days, but I doubt shed have the patience. She might be helping us out on a new 13-episode series that were starting on in 2-3 weeks time, and shes busy with a few other writing jobs too, so I think shell be fine. Or I know she will be. But her hearts also not in it anymore. Had we lived in Norway, we couldve retired in a years time, but alas... Im looking forward to spending Christmas with my parents and all my siblings and their families (except Ryno, who lives in NZ) at our place in the Drakensberg. My second brothers wife comes from a small family, and these big family gatherings can prove to be too much for her, so theyve rented a chalet nearby. I think its partly because of all our dogs who usually join us on holidays. (Only family members small dogs are allowed there, and between my parents, myself and my sisters family, there will be quite a few.) But there is more than enough space outside. The dogs love chasing birds and frogs, digging for rat moles - awakening some long-forgotten canine instincts. My very lady-like, over-protective mixed-breed doggie, Lily (the 14-year-old), once stopped me from stepping outside the room where I was staying. Ive never seen her that way - the hair on her back and neck was raised, and she

Symptoms, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of Gingivtis...

Gingivitis is a type of periodontal disease and is when the gums are inflamed. The gums in the teeth destroy the tissues because of the inflammation and infection known as periodontal disease (MedlinePlus n. pag.). Gingivitis typically precedes periodontitis but it is important to understand that not all gingivitis progresses to periodontitis (â€Å"Gum Disease† n. pag.). Most of the time gingivitis is from not brushing and flossing which may lead to the use of certain drugs and source of medical disorders. When the gums turn red, swollen, and start bleeding it is usually the sign of the common disease, gingivitis. Gingivitis is sometimes not detected and barely causes any pain in the beginning stages. Nevertheless, gingivitis that is not†¦show more content†¦Just because there are no noticeable symptoms of gingivitis that does not mean it is not there. In certain people, gum disease may affect only certain teeth, such as the molars, only a dentist or a periodontist c an identify and decide the progression of gum disease† (â€Å"Gum Disease† n. pag.). Above all, the effect of long-standing plaque deposits is what causes gingivitis. A sticky material made of bacteria, mucus, and food debris that grows on the parts of the teeth that are visible is called plaque. Plaque is a major factor of tooth decay and without removal it turns into a hard deposit called tartar. Plaque is the primary cause of gum disease, however other factors can contribute to gum disease as well (MedlinePlus n. pag.). Other factors that contribute to gum disease are plaque-induced gingivitis, drug-induced gingivitis, and gingivitis due to vitamin deficiency, gingivitis due to infections, gingivitis due to pregnancy, gingivitis due to menopause, gingivitis due to leukemia, and gingivitis due to an impacted tooth (Pericoronitis). The most common cause of gingivitis is plaque-induced gingivitis which is from lack of brushing and flossing. When different drugs cause gum tissue to overgrow, so that eliminating plaque becomes nearly impossible and sometimes develops gingivitis it is called drug-induced gingivitis. Another cause of gingivitis, in rare cases, is vitamin deficiencies. Many small white or yellow sores that form inside the mouth and the color of the gumsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Symptom, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of Gingivtis1473 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand that not all gingivitis progresses to periodontitis (â€Å"Gum Disease† n. pag.). Most of the time gingivitis is f rom not brushing and flossing which may cause medical disorders or the use of certain drugs. Gingivitis is a common disease in which the gums turn red, swollen, and bleeds. Gingivitis is sometimes not detected and barely causes any pain in the beginning stages. Nevertheless, gingivitis that is not treated may lead to periodontitis which is a more severe gum disease than gingivitis that

Process of Problem Solving and Decision Making Free Essays

Teamwork is important to organizations in this entire world nowadays to be successful and to have control in the market. Teamwork is basically defined as problem solving group of people who have a variety of skills and strengths to obtain the most perfect solution. Teamwork is one of the main goals for organizations to make sure that they are on the right track in obtaining their visions. We will write a custom essay sample on Process of Problem Solving and Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many ways that organizations put their contributions in increasing the power of teamwork such as team building where it helps the employees to work in groups rather than individuals. Teamwork will help the organizations in the process of problem solving and decision making where it consists of several process that is cause analysis, creative problem solving, decision making and anticipate and plan. Firstly, find and analyse the cause to configure which errors or problems to be corrected or to be improvised. Teamwork is important in this process where it is more effective where it will save the cost and time in finding the cause to the problem. Each members of the team can concentrate in sectors where there they could possibly find the problem that they are searching. There are methods that practiced in some organizations such as the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) where it believes that the optimum solution only can be found if they discovered the root cause. By having the solution with RCA, it can also be used for identifying the immediately obvious symptoms for the future errors. After the cause of the problems have been discovered, the team can proceed to the next step that is creative problem solving. Creative problem solving is founded by Alex Osborn and Dr. Sidney J. Parnes in the 1950s where they made the process of finding and generating creative solutions to produce great ideas in solving problems. Despite that, to generate more ideas in solving the problems, teamwork is needed because generating many ideas must come from more brains and minds. Brainstorming can be practiced in this process where each of the group members in the team who have personal skills and abilities can give their own ideas and thus more ideas can be generated in solving the problem. These may help in having more alternatives to obtain an optimal solution regarding the problem faced. After the team has acquired a number of solutions, the decision making process will start where the team will now select the best alternatives in solving the problem. Decision making can be defined as an outcome of mental process which will lead to selecting the best solution among other alternatives. In order to obtain the optimal solution, the objectives must be reviewed first and the alternative chosen must be evaluated by those objectives. Moreover, a good decision making is essential for the success of the organization where they usually involve in some issues where it makes decision making difficult such as uncertainty, complexity, high risk consequences and also interpersonal issues. The last step in the process of problem solving and decision making is anticipating and plan to assure success. This is important after the alternative has been chosen because the team must further plan to make sure that the alternative goes well while facing the problem. It is a waste of time in the process of decision making when they do not plan on how to use the alternative effectively. After making plans for the alternative, the team can now anticipate the future effects of the alternative to make sure whether it is successful or not. If it does not work out, the team must fall back to the decision making process where they will choose another best alternative to be used. Last but not least, teamwork is a very useful in the process of problem solving and decision making because it helps much in saving the organization’s time and money as there will be more people can use their own point of view based on their abilities and skills in order to find the root of the problem, generating ideas in finding solutions, making decisions on the ideas and anticipate and plan the chosen ideas. Organizations should implement the mutuality among the members because it is very useful to assure their success and to work effectively although it is essential that team members acquire communication skills and use effective communication channels between one another to help in improving their interaction between one and another. How to cite Process of Problem Solving and Decision Making, Essay examples

Anesthesia Information Management System

Question: Discuss about the Anesthesia Information Management System. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on the organization ABC timber and software which is a small chain of hardware stores that operates all over the state. The organization has mainly 12 branches and each branch have one sales representative. The boards of directors of the company were quite happy with the progress of the organization but a problem exists in the company. The problem is associated with the ageing sales staff. If one of the members retire then all the tactics as well as knowledge would retire with them. Therefore, the organization wants to implement an information management system that would be helpful in resolving the issue. The assignment discusses the applicability of the information management system, needs of financial, human as well as physical resources, effective promotional activities and monitoring programs. The report also discusses the legal requirement as well as ethical issue that will affect the system. Strengths Presence of sophisticated computer network: The ABC timber and hardware have proper sophisticated computer system, which is considered as one of the major strength of the current system of the organization. Presence of art accounting system: The accounting system helps in storing large amount of financial data including the sales of the organization (Arvidsson, Holmstrom Lyytinen 2014). Presence of vast database: The database is used in the organization for storing various confidential data of the company including the sales, finance, transaction and many more. Proper documentation: Proper documentation system is helpful in managing proper records of organizational operations. Weaknesses Absence of proper information management system: The organization does not have proper information system so that the new sales personal faces problem in achieving proper knowledge about sales Improper Communication: The different sales representative does not meet generally and therefore they do not have proper communication between them (Ahmadi et al., 2014). They meet once in a year. Lack of knowledge evaluation among sales staffs: The sales representatives of the company do not evaluate their skills and knowledge among new employees. Unavailability of recent sales data: The sales data, which are provided to the sales representatives, are generally three to two weeks earlier (Dumais et al., 2016). They do not have access on recent sales data. Emerging Technologies Relevant to the Existing System Cloud computing is one of the emerging technologies that can be used in ABC timber and hardware in place of information management system. The cloud computing helps in upgrading the system automatically which proves to be advantageous for the organization. The sales representatives can have access on recent data of sales and therefore the report, which is prepared, will be on recent information (Hwang et al., 2016). The cloud computing technology helps in increasing mobility, in assisting disaster recovery and in reducing the capital investment as well as smaller running costs. Management System The activities that need to be planned and developed for implementing new information management system include: Establishing planning team: The most important need is establishment of proper planning team, which helps in ensuring that the plan is business oriented and it further supports integrated approach towards information system (Cordray et al., 2015). Defining various vision as well as future state:The vision as well as future state of the system must be illustrated before implementing the system. Assessing current state: The current system must be accessed in order to get all the information about the current system of ABC timber and hardware. Indentifying gaps: The problems or gaps must be identified properly so that the implementation of the new system must be helpful in resolving them (Hoch Dulebohn, 2013). Developing plan: The plan must be developed in three parts including a report, information management strategic plan and a communication plan. Validating plan: The plan must be validated for addressing different types of priorities. Communication: Proper communication between the various stakeholders is quite important before implementing the system. Training: Training must be provided to the employees before the system is implemented. The stakeholders of the organization include: Sales manager: The sales managers gets report on a monthly basis from the sales staffs and they identify as well as discuss the issues after identifying them (Sacks et al., 2013). The sales manager adds comments and stores it for future use. Sales Staff: The sales staffs make proper report after analyzing the sales records of the organization. They provide proper information to the sales representatives about the sales of the organization. Customers: The customers of the organization have long term relationship with the organization. Human, Financial and Physical Resources Need of human resources: Human resource is very much required for managing the various activities that are required for implementing the information management system. Need of financial resources: The financial resources are required for buying raw materials, for arranging the salaries of the employees and for buying different products, which are required for implementing the system (Weaver et al., 2016). Need of physical resources: Different types of physical resources like servers, computers and software are required for implementing the information management system. Reasons for Conducting a Training Needs Analysis/Learning Needs Analysis It is very much important to organize proper training as well as learning sessions within the organization ABC timber and hardware. Training is very much important for changing the system as well as for its up gradation. The advantages of training employees include: Minimizing mistakes: For minimizing various types of mistakes as well as confusion during the implementation of the new system (Andersen, 2014). Ensure advantages of new system: For ensuring that the employees of the organization are able to take advantage of new features Ensure the use of budget: For ensuring, that the budget spent on the up gradation of new system is not wasted (Shao Fu, 2014). Reducing unnecessary work: For minimizing unnecessary work for various IT staffs The various promotional activities, which are required for encouraging the use of new system, include: Designing promotion plan: The promotion plan must be implemented for encouraging the use of system within ABC timber and hardware. Provide user manual to the employees: User manuals are provided to the employees so that they can operate the new system properly (Mudumbai, 2016). Training: Proper training is needed by employees for handling the new system efficiently. Arranging workshop: Workshop arrangements by the organization are quite important for evaluating the usefulness of the new system. Monitoring Programmers There are number of monitoring plans, which are identified for measuring the effectiveness of the system. The monitoring plans are: Process monitoring: It helps in analyzing that the established tasks as well as activities o the project are leading towards positive result or not (Kumar, 2014). Technical monitoring: The process of technical monitoring helps in assessing various strategies that are used in project implementation (Andersen, 2014). It is analyzed that the implementation of the new system is quite advantageous as it helps in managing the system. Assumption monitoring: It helps in analyzing that the assumptions, which are made before implementation of the project, have positive result on the progress of the project. Policies and Procedures for System Effectiveness There are number of policies and procedures that helps in enabling the system to run effectively which include: Management support: It is very much important to achieve the support of the senior management for implementing the system properly. Proper consultation with the staff: It is very much important to have proper consultation with the staff in order to promote proper awareness (Hoch Dulebohn, 2013). Define the terms of policy: Proper policies must be defined for explaining various types of behavior in the workplace. Evaluate and review: Various types of policies must be reviewed for ensuring its importance. Legal Requirements and Ethical Issues There are number of legal requirements as well as ethical issue that would affect the system which are as follows: Hacking of confidential data:Due to the hacking of confidential data, the organization faces many challenges (Hwang et al., 2016).The confidential data can include various types of data like personal information, financial information and many more. Data loss: The loss of data can put the organization into danger. Loss of data results into number of problems due to which the organization can lose access over past data. Unauthorized access: Unauthorized access enhances the problem of data loss as well as hacking of confidential data (Ahmadi et al., 2014) Therefore, it is very much important to reduce them. Computer virus: The viruses in the computer are unauthorized programs which annoy users, helps in stealing sensitive data as well as helps in controlling equipment which s controlled by computers. Conclusion It can be concluded that the implementation of the information management system for the organization is very much advantageous as it helps in resolving the issues, which the organization mainly faces due to its current system. It is analyzed that various promotional activities are required for running the system effectively. The assignment discusses various policies or procedures that help in enabling the system to run effectively. It is identified that there are number of legal as well as ethical issue that would rise with the implementation of the new system. Proper recommendations are helpful in minimizing those problems. References Ahmadi, H., Rad, M. S., Nazari, M., Nilashi, M., Ibrahim, O. (2014). Evaluating the factors affecting the implementation of hospital information system (HIS) using AHP method.Life Science Journal,11(3), 202-207. Andersen, R. (2014). Planning for the shaping force of cultural dynamics in a component content-management system implementation.IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication,57(3), 216-234. Arvidsson, V., Holmstrm, J., Lyytinen, K. (2014). Information systems use as strategy practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and use.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,23(1), 45-61. Cordray, C., Link, D., Chart, R., Ginter, K. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,077,611. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Dumais, S., Cutrell, E., Cadiz, J. J., Jancke, G., Sarin, R., Robbins, D. C. (2016, January). Stuff I've seen: a system for personal information retrieval and re-use. InACM SIGIR Forum(Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 28-35). ACM. Hoch, J. E., Dulebohn, J. H. (2013). Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), 114-125. Hwang, Y., Al-Arabiat, M., Shin, D. H., Lee, Y. (2016). Understanding information proactiveness and the content management system adoption in pre-implementation stage.Computers in Human Behavior,64, 515-523. Kumar, S. (2014). Contextual interactions analytic hierarchy process (CIAHP): introduction and application to analyse interactions among knowledge management implementation capability (KMIC) factors.International Journal of Knowledge and Learning,9(3), 242-263. Mudumbai, S. C. (2016). Implementation of an anesthesia information management system in an ambulatory surgery center.Journal of medical systems,40(1), 22. Sacks, R., Barak, R., Belaciano, B., Gurevich, U., Pikas, E. (2013). KanBIM workflow management system: Prototype implementation and field testing.Lean Construction Journal,2013, 19-35. Shao, H., Fu, H. (2014, October). Design and implementation of intelligent building engineering information management system. InIntelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA), 2014 7th International Conference on(pp. 158-161). IEEE. Weaver, C. A., Ball, M. J., Kim, G. R., Kiel, J. M. (2016). Healthcare information management systems.Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Sample

Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Sample Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Example Abolishing the Senate of Canada Essay Example The frustration of the public with the Senate has reached new levels. Corruption and cover-up claims have kindled a healthy debate regarding the function of the Senate in the government institutions of Canada. The concerns of the public are real. The increased need of better accountability and lessons from past mistakes make it clear that status quo cannot be accepted and there is a need for reforms. Standards that were adopted decades ago are not tolerable today. Both the public and the experts are in agreement that the Senate should not continue to operate in its current form. There is a disagreement, however, over whether there should be substantial reform or abolishment of the Senate. Public support for the abolishment of the Senate of Canada has increased in recent years. An Angus poll conducted in 1998 revealed that almost as many people support the reforming of the Senate as want to get rid of it. Only five percent were of the view that the Senate should be maintained in its c urrent state. The provinces and parliament just need to agree and a constitutional amendment can be done overnight to abolish such useless institution (Smith, 2003). It, therefore, should not be complicated for Canada to abolish and liquidate its unelected, undemocratic and ineffective Senate. Should Canada Abolish the Senate? Why or Why not? It is a common notion that countries that are marked by the powers of the provincial, national or state governments which overlap should have Upper and Lowers Houses in their parliament. It is to make sure that there are effective representations of regions and prevention of power inequalities. The Senate of Canada ought to be abolished, since the existence of the Senate in Canada is proved to be ineffective. Evidence shows that the Upper House is not useful or necessary. The Senate’s main aim is to ensure a balanced implementation of Canada’s regions. It has, however, been indicated to be an unnecessary role given to the senate. It is caused by the fact that it would be more feasible to add more House of Common seats from the relevant regions in Canada (Smith, 2003). It, however, may present a complication in the sense that there will never be the attainment of matching the population with representation in the House exactly. Also, a continuous chain of disgraceful behavior and scandals by senators has converted the red chamber into a state embarrassment. The functionality of the Senate in Canada has been reduced significantly with little expectations of change. It is the state of thing even with the claims from the Harper Government to advocate reforms of th e Senate (Hoy, 1999; Cody, 1995). While the existence of the Senate may have been a good idea or maybe even a critical idea during Canada’s formation, it does not serve real functions now except disgracing itself. Canada has a single legislature from a practical perspective. The only thing remaining is officially pronouncing it as a unicameral legislature instead of living in denial. It occurs as a result of the little complementary roles played by the Senate, while the House of Commons does most of the work. The result of it is that the Senate gets paid simply to complement the House of Common’s role. It may be considered as a misuse of the state’s revenue, and many proponents of the Senate’s abolition argue that such funds be used in a better way. It has, therefore, been indicative that the functions performed by the Senate can easily be incorporated into a more compacted role for the House of Commons (Smith, 2003). During the 1864’s Quebec Conference, which laid out Canada’s future political system, that time Attorney General, John A. MacDonald made some remarks. He observed that for the purpose of protecting the local interests and prevention of jealousies, there should be representation in the Upper House based on the principle of equality. The power and shape of the Senate were one of the key subjects of consideration a Quebec City, taking six out of 14 days (Malcolmson Myers, 2012). It now appears outlandish to imagine the Senate should use even one hour of serious argument. Instead of being the venue for regional balance or sober thought as it ought to be, the Upper Chamber has resulted in being a fountain of political cronies. It also contains former media personalities and many other unserious characters. The failure to observe and implement the power and shape of the Senate as envisaged by the Quebec Conference, however, may not be applied as one of the reasons for the abolishment of the Canadian Senate. It is due to the simple truth that the society is dynamic. The needs of any given society have a tendency to change depending on the community’s reaction to a variety of factors, such as the environment, population or even it social relations. In this way, therefore, the organizations that are found within a particular society ought to change in correspondence with such societal changes. The Canadian Senate, through such lens, may only need to be reformed so that to adapt to the existing needs of the Canadian democratic society (Malcolmson Myers, 2012; Cody, 1995). Among the main arguments for the abolition of the Senate of Canada is that it lacks support from the public. Such support from the Canadian public has been declining at an appalling rate of consistency. In any democracy, such as the republic of Canada, there is a crucial value placed in the people themselves. It occurs due to the fact that in such democracies most of the public offices and authorities continue holding their positions by virtue of being elected by the citizens of that country (Joyal, 2003). Such situation, therefore, confers virtually all power upon the public that, in turn, confers it upon the public authorities. Such power conferment by the public may be done through such process as elections and the secondary appointments and delegation of duties to other offices by the directly elected authorities. The advantage of such means of power conferment is that the citizens decide whether to support public officers or not in case they are not performing their assigned dut ies. In this case, the Senate of Canada should be abolished, since it does not receive support from the public. Since it is for the benefit of the public that the members of the Senate function, the utter dislike and lack of backing are indicative of the Canadian public’s dissatisfaction of the Senate. The Senate is said to be overwhelmed with an anti-democratic archaism with much of its attention paid to the perks that they claim to be entitled to rather than to the interest of the pubic that helped them obtain their positions (Smith, 2003). Through such philosophy, it is in the best interest of the people that the Senate of Canada is dismissed. It is the public that gives the Senate the power it wields to serve its assigned role. In case, therefore, the people feel that the same Senate does not fulfill the functions it has been given, it would only be proper if it were abolished, as a result (Joyal, 2003). It is a fact that the Canadian Senate has had a very long reputation of cronyism. It has become accustomed to impropriety. During the 1930s Beauharnois scandal is a case scenario. Two liberal senators individually profited from the construction of a hydro dam by the government on St. Lawrence River. Recently, however, the rate of scandal has increased at the same time with the Senate finding itself with even less work. The dramatic concentration of power in Ottawa under the hands of the Prime Minister’s office is an indication that the Senate no longer plays any considerable roles in the mechanism of the political system of Canada. The Senate was once regarded as an avenue for the provision of inspection and financial oversight of the state business. The increase of public observers like the Parliamentary Budget Office and the office of the auditor have, however, taken over this role entirely. Also, the absence of democratic legitimacy in the Senate hinders it from expressing disagreement with state initiatives alleging regional fairness (Joyal, 2003). In addition to all abovementioned facts there is the famous notion supported by the expenses scandal that senators give the impression that they work harder when there is a possibility to take maximum form the public pocket. They develop new and creative ways of claiming costs of travel and living avoiding the rules. Such situation is disturbingly ironic, given that Stephen Harper, the Prime Minister, took authority in 2006 making promises of making the Senate respectable and relevant again. It was through putting an end to political appointments and implementation of electing new senators process (Nadeau, 2011). As an example of Canadian Senate inefficiency and even absurdness, the legal problems of Patrick Brazeau, who was charged assault and sexual assault, can be taken. The sad affair of the resignation of Senator Joyce Fairbairn, after the declaration that she was not legally competent as she had Alzheimer’s disease but was still permitted to vote, should also be mentioned. Another consideration is the scandal of residency and travel expense involving high-profile Senators who were having problems ascertaining where they lived. The former senator’s Raymond Lavigne fraud conviction is another depressing example. The list of similar cases is very long (Sutherland, 2003; Hoy, 1999). Unfortunately, and even with the appointment of two senators from Alberta, Harper appears to have been tempted by the opportunity to reward his friends using his authority, to enable him unite his own political authority. It was exactly what his predecessors had done. It turned out to be like his once ridiculed of the Senate as a dumping area for the chosen cronies of the prime minister. Harper chose senators from among some of the failed Conservative Party candidates, few main party donors, his previous communication advisor and even his former newsman. The Senate Reform Act presented by Harper in 2011 suggested appointing senators elected through provincial votes and also giving a limitation to a term of nine years that was not renewable. It was, however, just the other day after the number of sandals, that Harper approached the Supreme Court seeking for an opinion regarding the apparent constitutional issues associated with his proposed modifications. Some authors have regarded it as contempt for the whole institution. It occurred due to the fact that the reforms would need the approval of seven provinces, including at least half of the population of Canada, which was a very stiff requirement (Nadeau, 2011). It is difficult to avoid the intuition that the passion for reform by Harper has been mainly compromised by his seven years in power. Harper seems to grind out senators who are appointed in some regions instead of encouraging elections by proposing to meet the costs. He also named Denise Batter as the Senator of Saskatchewan. Ironically, the husband of Denise Batter was Chief of Staff to the Minister of Provincial Justice during the passing of the Saskatchewan’s Senate Election Bill. Irrespective of any manifestation of idealism when in opposition, there is hardly any sitting prime minister who would want to create an actual equal, effective and elected Senate. It would be a Senate whose main function would be limiting or counterbalancing his own powers. Following such perspective, a reform of the Senate may be said to be a preoccupation of an outsider, destined to be abandoned once power is attained. It makes constructive Senate reform an absolute impossibility and not a mere remote prospect. There seems to be no way of trapping such hypocrisy (Cody, 1995). It is important to note that referring the matter to the court by Harper also puts forth the possibility of abolishing the Senate. The Supreme Court has been called upon to consider three methods of realizing it: inserting an end date, elimination of all mention of it from the Constitution or taking away its powers. It is a strategy that is worth a serious consideration (Nadeau, 2011). Proponents of the Senate may allege that its members regularly perform their work well, through reviewing and inspecting the lawmaking as the chamber of second clear-headed thought. In reality, however, the Senate does not do more than putting stamps on the legislative agenda. It basically exists as an institution where the rewarding of party loyalists for their unwavering support takes place. It is also a negative experience for taxpayers with over $100 million being incurred as costs on the Canadians annually. As an elected institution, the Senate undermines the fundamental principles of democracy. There might have been a valid reason to include the Senate in a bilateral system of governance when the Fathers of Confederation entered into an agreement in the years that led to 1867. It may have been a necessity then to tackle regional fears of a central government that was too powerful. The Senate makes it vote in party lines and does little or nothing to ensure the protection of the regional welfares of any areas of Canada. There is also a protection of the regional interests in the fields of social welfare, education and health. It is so due to the fact that the evolution of the powers division by the Constitution between the federal and regional governments. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms also avails a good check and balance against any state, federal or regional, that attempts to roughshod over the freedoms and rights of Canadians. Abolition of the Senate seems to be constitutionally hard as a reform on paper. It, however, holds the promise of being eye-catching to the party in power, as it does not involve any political power or authority loss (Smith, 2003). It, thus, subsists within the realm of possibility. Also, with the continuing legacy of patronage, futility and scandal, abolishing of the Senate appears to be the best decision. One of the arguments for the abolishing of the Canadian Senate is that it does not fulfill any meaningful purposes that are required of it. Among the original purposes of the Senate is the role of representing the interests of the Canadian provinces in the process of the formulation of legislation and policies at the federal level. It is considered to be the most fundamental function of the Canadian Senate. The Senate has also been mandated with the responsibility of issuing laws, debating them and enacting such laws. This role by the Senate, however, has been also given to the House of Commons. The House of Commons has been crucial in the general process of the legislation of laws in Canada. For instance, it is in the House of Commons that most bills originate. The reason for abolishing the Senate, in this case, would be that the roles it was made for are already transferred to the other governmental agencies and the House of Commons. According to some commentators, the complexity that may arise from such an argument would be that Senate has been instrumental in its quest to ensure that all of the regions in Canada are represented equally. It may also be necessary to look at the role that Senate plays in the legislative process in Canada from a more objective perspective. In employing such kind of perception, one would realize that the Senate is of important use in debating and enacting the legislation of intricate subjects and general nature. It is more special for the Senate, since it has a more flexible schedule for debating matters and laws. Another argument is that it is very hard to get the agreement requirement for the constitutional reform if that was the way to save the Senate. The provision of the Constitution Act of 1982 state that the amendments to the Senate need the support of Parliament and seven provinces, which represents at least half of the population. It is also the argument of proponents of the Senate abolishing that it may not accomplish the expectations of the proponents of reform. The Senate ought to dismissed, since it has been considered by many people, both laymen and experts, to be lacking democracy, unaccountable and high-handed in a number of ways. The process of appointing Senators has proven to be one with many open questions. First, they are appointed by the Prime Minister of Canada, who is appointed by the Governor General of Canada. The flaw with such process of public office appointments is that it invites various issues in a way that the possibility of considering preference values as opposed to the merits of a person. Through appointments that are made without direct elections of leaders, there may develop setbacks, such as underperformance, corruption and even unaccountability. The Senate of Canada furthers its unaccountability problem through the Board of Internal Economy. This Board is of a secretive nature characterized by weak standards of ethics. The Senate itself also suffers from weak ethical standards. Another problem with regards to the undemocratic nature of the Canadian Senate is its use of the power conferred upon it to enforce exorbitant expense rules. In the event that any scandal that involves the Senate is revealed, the already existing rules and penalties against such scandals do no serve sufficiently to cater for the particular scandal. It is so, since the penalties that have been formulated for the violators of any laws and ethical requirements are weak in themselves. The Senate Ethics Officer has become a kind of a sycophant of the Senate, since he operates under the regulation of the Senators Committee. Another complication with it is that if a particular scandal does not become public, it is more or less likely to be covered by the Sen ate (Joyal, 2003). The result of it is that the perpetrators of the abuse and any other unethical practices are left to continue with their evils. It ultimately affects the society in various ways. They include the lack of sufficient funds for projects and the split and dysfunction of the government. The Senate of Canada, since its formation, has been faced with several challenges and controversies. The challenges and scandals have dealt with a wide number of issues ranging from the basic roles of the Senate to matters that may appear moral from of the general Senatorial aspects. They have been mainly linked with the way the Senate has been perceived by the public and other opposing government bodies that appear to have the same functions as the Senate. The various reasons for which the Senate of Canada should be abolished have been considered to range from the mere roles of which it was formed to the issues of lack of accountability. The Senate has been taken as a means for public authorities to engage in illegal actions but avoid punishment for them. It has been considered to be infested with the spirit of unaccountability and disregard of democracy. Such aspects include the unfairness experienced in the regional balance quests. It has also been proved by the fact that the Senate has a great failing in the ethical standards required of it (Joyal, 2003). It has been perceived as a government body that does not, in fact, carry out the purpose for which it was established. The Senate has been said to perform certain actions for its own benefit rather than for completing its key roles. It lacks the proper support from the Canadian public. It considered vitality in the way Senate ought to run, since any dissatisfaction from the public should be looked into and it has to be ensured that actions are taken in such respect. The mere reason that the mode of appointment into the Senatorial office is not democratic in nature makes it rational to raise questions regarding its accountability and performance. It is for the various reasons stated and explained in the preceding paragraphs that the Senate of the Republican State of Canada should be dissolved.

8+ Free Old Official SAT Practice Tests

8+ Free Old Official SAT Practice Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In March2016, the SAT underwent a completeredesign, concentrating more on testing reasoning skills than on obscure vocabulary knowledge. So how do you study for theSAT now thatthere just aren't that many practice tests available? After all, there’s nothing quite like taking actual official SAT tests to get you ready for the real thing. The good news is that many of the questions that appeared on the old SAT format are still completely relevant and a great resource for practicing your skills! In this article, I'll tell you all about which old-format questions to seek out and which to skip. Then I'll give you a huge list of the best places to find free official SAT tests to use for studying. Feature Image:Ed Schipul/Wikipedia What’s the Difference Between the â€Å"Old† and New SAT? Big-Picture Changes The SAT no longer tests your knowledge and skills in isolation. Instead, the College Board has madecontext and reasoning matter much more for questions. For example, instead of testing whether you know a grammar rule by giving you several unrelated sentences, multiple grammar questions now come from a single passage. Also, there areno â€Å"trick† questions - in other words, questionswith purposefully confusing wording meant totrip you up even if you did actually know the skill being tested. To see a detailed explanation of all the changes, check out our extensive guide to the new SAT. Small-Scale Changes On a more granular level, although each SAT section has been redesigned, different sections have been changedin different degrees.This is great news!For many new SAT sections, old SAT question are still a relevant and useful study resource. In the restof the article, I will go through each section and explain which old SAT questions you can use to study. But first, I have some general advice about how to get the most benefit out of the old SAT as you prepare for your SAT exam. It's the small things that make up the big things. Like the yellow flowers in that bouquet. (E.mil.mil/Wikipedia) Can You Really Use the Old SAT to Study for the CurrentOne? However you end up studying for the SAT (check out our guide to finding the best testing strategy for you), you will certainly use these two techniques: boosting weak skills by practicing many questions that test those skills simulating testing conditions by taking a full SAT test in one sitting Because the format and timing of the old test arefairly different, it can't really help you with test-day conditioning – use the currentSAT tests for that. But since many of the questions and question types remain the same, the old tests are excellent for honing individual skills. As much as possible, you should use official SAT tests from the College Board rather than those written by other companies. Because they have gone through the same writing and editing process as the questions you'll encounter on the actual test, these old tests come closest to reproducing what you will encounter on test day. Also, because they have been officially released by the College Board, there is no question about their quality. On the other hand, it's not always clear whether another company can sufficiently mimic the College Board's approach, style, or wording. By sticking with the official tests, you don’t have to worry about evaluating third-party work. Finally, please note: the SAT underwent a big redesign in 2005 as well. So when talking about the old tests below, I will say "pre-2005" and "post-2005" todifferentiate between the two old versions of the SAT. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Which Sections of Old SATs Should I Use to Study? Here’s a breakdown of all of the SAT sections, in order from least to greatest difference between the old and currenttests, as well as explanations abouthow you can effectively use older tests to study. Math Section The math section is the most unchanged. There is less geometry on the current SAT than on the old ones, and some basic trigonometry has been added. Also, there's now a no-calculator section. Current SATQuestion Types: a small number of trigonometry questions more questions about interpreting graphs and charts multiple-step questions based on a real-world scenario Old Questions to Study: Almost all math problems from old tests.There's no need to pick and choose very much, so feel free to study almost allmath questions you come across. Old Questions to Skip Entirely: Comparisons (pre-2005 tests).These are questions that ask you to compare the value of two boxes: Logic puzzles (all old tests).These are questions not directly based on math you learned in school. If you can confidently identify these types of questions, skip them because they donot appear on the currenttest. For example: After public resistance, the controversial new "do a long jump while computing the distance of your long jump" task has been tabled for now. Writing and Language Section The old Reading and Writing sections are now onesection called "Writing and Language." It still has questions about reading comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary. But all questions arepassage-based and rely on your ability to determine meaning from context. Current SAT Question Types: all reading questions are based on passages grammar and writing logic questions are also all passage-based some questions require interpreting data (in graph or chart form) Old Questions to Study: Passage-Based Reading (all old tests).The current-test version of these isnot exactly the same, but theyare still great practice for learning to quickly find the meaning and argument structure of a given passage. Improving Paragraphs (post-2005 tests). These ask you to read a passage and then edit its grammar and logic: Old Questions to Use to Brush Up on Key Concepts: The old isolated-sentence grammar and syntax questions are nowless helpful, but you can still use them to refresh your understanding of proper usage, grammar, and punctuation. Just don't use them as real test practice. Sentence Errors (post-2005 tests). These ask you to identify a grammar or punctuation mistake in an isolated sentence: Improving Sentences (post-2005 tests). These ask you to edit isolated sentences: Old Questions to Skip Entirely: Analogies (pre-2005 tests). These ask you to compare the relationships of paired words: Sentence Completions (post-2005 tests). These ask you to find the best words to fill blanks in sentences: Feel free to also skip any questions from the pre-1369 A.D. version of the SAT. The Essay Section The current essay is 50 minutes long, andit ismuch closer to the kind of analytical writing you've been doing in high school all along. The essay gives you a passage and thenasks you to write abouthow theauthor builds theargument.This is one place where the old tests simply will not help. Instead, you should brush up on your understanding of rhetorical devices, structure, and the uses of evidence. The study of rhetoric apparently involves both a book, an enormous fighting staff, and maybe... a feather on your head? You've been warned. Free Old Tests From the College Board Post-2005 Tests: SAT Practice Test (2013-2014)Test | Answers SAT Practice Test (2012-2013)Test | Answers SAT Practice Test (2007-2008)Test | Answers SAT Practice Test (2005)Test | Answers Pre-2005 Tests: SAT Practice Test (2004)Download | Answers SAT Practice Test (2003-2004)Download | Answers SAT Practice Test (May 2002)Download SAT Practice Test (October 2001)Download Other Potential Sources of Old SAT Tests The bookThe Official SAT Study Guide, Second Edition, which features 10 more official SAT tests from the College Board. The book is not free (it's currently $45 new on Amazon, though you can get it for much cheaper used). On the other hand, the internet is a vast and wondrous place, and you may be able to find slightly less authorized but nevertheless completely official old SAT tests if you poke around a little. Try searching for "free old SAT tests" and looking past the first couple of pages of Google results to the less commercial corners of the web. "Which corner isleast commercial?" asked the fly. "Try the middle," replied the spider. Conclusion Old SAT tests still have an important role to play as you study for the SAT. To simulate test-day conditions, definitelyuse currentofficial tests. Butold tests are perfect for extra practice with realistic reading passages and math questions. What’s Next? Wondering how best to study for the SAT? Download our dedicated guide to figuring out which SAT prep method is best for you. Worried that the SAT is not the right test for you altogether? Let us help you decide between the SAT and ACT by explaining which students should take which test. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Paper Example The results obtained though the articles further revealed that nurses’ attitudes are among the most vital aspects which tend to influence the practice of physical restraint to elderly patients. Research Question or Hypothesis Although the research hypotheses were not mentioned within specific quotations, the research questions considered in the study were observed in a precise form as mentioned below. a. â€Å"Are nursing staff members' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived moral obligation related to their intentions to use physical restraints with older people?† b. â€Å"How are nursing staff members' attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived moral obligation, and intentions to use physical restraints related to selected demographic and professional variables?† Research Variables To be noted, in Werner & Mendelsson (2000), the research variables were selected on the basis of the theory of reasoned actions which can be divided as independent variables, dependent variables and extraneous variables as illustrated in the diagram illustrated below. Source: Werner & Mendelsson (2000) Independent Variable The independent variables that were considered in this research included attitudes deciphered by the nurses when practicing physical restraint on elder patients, the various subjective norms that were followed along with the perceived moral obligations which tend to have a direct impact on such practices influencing the intention of the professionals. Dependent Variables There was only one dependent variable identified in the study which included the intention of the nurses to practice physical restraint on elderly patients. Extraneous (Confounding) Variable(s) In this article, the extraneous variables consisted of various attributes such as socio-demographic factors that included age, education, sex, place of birth and marital status which are given at a fixed unit and thus, is impossible to be changed. Werner & Mendelsson (2000) also considered the number of years spent in a particular profession along with the position of the nursing professionals as significant extraneous variables in the study to impose a considerable effect on dependent variables, besides the identified independent variables. Research Design The research design of the study conducted by Werner & Mendelsson (2000) was based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Accordingly, a correlational design was applied in the process. It can be mentioned in this regard that as the intention of the study was to identify the factors influencing the nurses’ intention to practice physical restraint on old patients, this research design was appropriate to conclude if a correlation existed amid the identified variables. Population and Sample Setting The data collection was performed in alliance with the natural setting in an Israeli elder care hospital with a capacity of 800 beds. Target and Accessible Population The populatio n considered in this study comprised nursing staff members from the hospital. The target population was thus quite realistically accessible within a given enclosed setting. Sample and Sampling Plan A sample of 303 nursing staff members was taken into concern to suffice the data requirements of the research. As can be observed from the research technique, a random sampling technique was used in the

Analysis of Guido Reni's Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Guido Reni's Works - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of Guido Reni's Works" describes the biography, training and career information of popular artists in the 15th and 16th century with a bigger emphasis on the re-known Guido Reni. Guido Reni, son to Daniele Reni and Ginevra de' Pozzi, was born in a town known as Bologna. The family of Reni was known for producing musicians. He is an Italian painter born on the 4th of November in 1575. He received his education together with Domenichino at Calvert as an apprentice in this Bolognese studio at the age of nine, then Carracci and finally trained with Ferrantini but just for a while. At the age of twenty-three, he and three other pupils from Calvert studios shifted to another rival studio named, â€Å"Accademia Degli Incamminati â€Å". At his time he was the most popular artist in Italy and with the approach of the 18th century, his fame spread to England. He is a renown painter known for his amazing coloring skills that outdid those in the previous times. He has pain ted in prestigious places like the Quirinal and Furnace palaces, some churches in Rome, the Borghese family chapel and the most outstanding piece of work is the ceiling of the decoration of the Palazzo Rospigliosi and Phoebus. In 1601, Reni and Albani his ally from Calvert, packed their bags and made for Rome to work under Annibale Carracci in the decoration of the furnace palace. In 1601 to 1604 Cardinal Paolo Emilio Sfondrati became his patron. In 1604 to 1605 he was given an opportunity to work on the crucifixion of St Peters altarpiece.

Diploma in Ship Superintendancy Module 3 TMA Essay

Diploma in Ship Superintendancy Module 3 TMA - Essay Example This can be followed when there is enough Insurance for the ship and the cargo. I t is important to know to whom the insurance is named after and whether the insurance is assigned to a bank under a loan agreement. The extent of the insurance should be known for there may be uncovered items. Then there is Freight Management which is the provision of voyage orders and other information to enable the master to plan and undertake the voyage, of voyage estimates and accounts, the calculation of hire and freights, dispatch and demurrage and the arrangement of the correct collection and payment of all charter hire and freight monies. Fifth would be Accounting which is the accurate records of accounts. Sixth is Chartering which is the owner's instructions. Proper coordination with the owner, or a selected organization, is crucial to avoid mistakes. Next is Vessel Sales and Purchase. This is a major activity where the exchange of the purchase price with the deed of sale of the ship along with the physical asset. Eighth is Provisions and Bunkering. This is the negotiation for competitive prices for optimum quality for shipment. Then we have Operation, which includes voyage estimates, voyage instructions, appointment of agents and stevedores and the arrangements for surveying cargoes. ... Seaworthiness and cargoworthiness always go hand in hand. As an overview, seaworthiness is the shipowner's responsibility to see the ship is fit for travel and cargowothiness is the responsibility to make the cargo hulls safe for the cargo and the cargo safe for transport. Related directly as the shipowner's right to limit his liabilities, the concept is of seaworthiness is a very important in legal context. This is achieved by proper preparation at the start of the voyage. This means that the ship must be properly manned, equipped and supplied. The parts of the ship in which the good are carried must be fit and safe for receipt, carriage and preservation. At the event that cargo is not at par with the cargo owner's desires, the right to limit the liabilities can then be challenged at court. The concept of cargoworthiness relates as the consideration associated with fitness for purpose and condition. This is now the cargo owner's task to see that his products are properly transported. This is important for both the cargo and ship owner's because it will definitely limit future problems with substandard shipments. Furthermore, the cargo must be properly loaded, stowed, carried, discharged and delivered. This now is the mainly the responsibility of the cargo owner, although it does go hand in hand with the shipowner's task of keeping the ship seaworthy. Even if the ship is of perfect condition for cargo containment, without the proper handling and transport of the cargo to and from the vessel, it is still likely that the goods are to be damaged. 3. The process involved in amending (in 1995) the STCW convention and ensuring that it operates consistently and effectively Back in 1974 when the STCW convention was first introduced, it was

Obstacles To Achieving Sustainable Development

Obstacles To Achieving Sustainable Development There is no definite interpretation of sustainable development. Many scholars agree that the term sustainability is a very general concept and has too many interpretations (Saadatan et al. 2010) the meaning of sustainable development often appears unclear and accordingly underdetermined ambiguous and controversial (Parris and Kates 2003; Robinson 2004; Williams and Millington 2004; Fergus and Rowney 2005, Kates et al, 2005; ) ac cited in (Wuelser et al., 2012) . The term sustainability however originally crops from the ecological field. It was used to refer to an ecosystems potential for subsisting over time with almost no alteration. Later, the term development was introduced. This changed the view from just an environmental one but from that of a society and capital economy (Reboratti, 1999 pp 207-209) as cited by(Jabareen, 2008). Sustainable development on the global scene however, was introduced during the Cocoyoc Declaration on environment and development (Redclift, 1987, p.32) . This new concept was further expounded by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in 1987. The Commission produced an extensive report, Our Common Future that is commonly referred to as the Brundtland Report after the chair of the committee. The Brundtland reports definition of Sustainable development is the one that seems to be commonly referred to in the international arena. It defined sustainable development (SD) as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It further breaks down SD into two key concepts; concept of needs, in particular needs of the poor and secondly the concept of limitations that focuses on the technology and social factors and their ability to ensure environmental use to meet present and future needs (WCED, p.43). The report also defines development as a progressive transformation of economy and society (WCED p.43). With regard to the Brundtland reports definition and terminologies, three key aspects come into play, the economy, society and the environment. These three components of sustainable development are interlinked and a balance in the three factions is necessary in order to attain sustainable development. This harmony can only be achieved through equity. Equity as defined by the Oxford dictionary as the quality of being fair or impartial. In relation to the definition of sustainable development fair distribution is necessary to ensure the present and future generation needs are met. Our Common Future focused on the critical issues of equity and environment and raised the important ethical considerations regarding human environment relationships (Langhelle, 1999)****. Under the societal bracket, equity across the generations can be divided into two; intergenerational equity and intragenerational equity. The former acknowledges the future generations. It expects equal distribution of resources between present and future generations. It is the fairness of allocation of resources between current and future generations (Jabareen, 2008). Intragenerational equity on the other hand, refers to the distribution of resources between competing factions of the present day. This type of equity mainly addresses the poor in present society. Sustainable development in this umbrella seeks to ensure poverty is abolished and fairness of distribution of the worlds resources to every individual is met. According to the Brundtland report, the prerequisite for addressing intragenerational equity is a fair distribution of economic and social power. It argues that this can be achieved by participation in decision making and democratic processes for enabling participation and suitable governance needs to be established (WCED, 1987 p.43). However, whilst observing these two types of generational equity, it is clear that the intergenerational equity heavily relies on intragenerational equity. If there is no balance in the present age, exploitations are bound to happen, hence the future generations will be left with little or no capital stock. Therefore, it is essential that the present needs are met by sustainable development practices in order to ensure that the future generations needs are also met. Society cannot live without natural capital. The two factions are interconnected and a balance between the two is essential for attainment of sustainable development. Environmental integrity ensures that the natural stock is well managed so as to meet the needs of future generations. Environmental integrity is the management of natural capital stock so as to ensure future generation access to the same ecosystems. Jabareen (2008) further expounds that the ethical concepts under this umbrella fall into two extreme groups; the domination of nature and the intrinsic rights of nature. The former is represented by the doctrines of light ecology and the latter is governed by doctrines of deep ecology. However, regardless of which doctrine, one key issue is addressed, the sustainability of the natural resources. Natural resource should remain constant over time. Pearce and Turner (1994, p.44) explain that this stock should not decrease in order to avoid endangering the opportunities of the f uture generations ability to generate wealth and well being. This concept commonly known as strong sustainability, seems utopic and frankly highly impossible. The environmental damage has already occurred sustainable development as a strategy is to ensure that what is left and that which is untapped stays intact for future generations to come. The correlation of the three pillars of sustainable development- economic growth, society and the environment seeks to achieve balance under this paradigm. Economic growth under this new discourse is expected to address both environmental and social integrity. Before the concept of sustainable development was formulated, economic growth was perhaps the only driving force of international world. Economic growth in the 20th century has been nothing but destructive. Nevertheless, under the new discourse, it is expected under its objectives not only to achieve economic growth, but also alleviate societal injustices and environmental justice to be adhered to. Poverty alleviation is mandatory under the new framework of economic achievements. As Dodds (2000, pp28-29), argues that poverty and the environmental degradation are interlocking global crisis and that we do not face the choice between environment and development but rather challenge to find ways to integrate the two aspects. Sustainable development as with any new strategy or concept is not short of criticism. Some critics and analysts assert that it is difficult to classify SD as a globalizing force because it falls between fragmentation and integration (Sneddon et. al.2006). Redclift a famous critic of this new discourse argues that it remains unlikely that the developed countries (even developing countries) will put into action these measures. Proponents on the other hand argue, that albeit the process is occurring at a slothful pace, it has been applied extensively around the world and there are some success stories currently taking place both in the Northern and Southern nations. (Sneddon et. al.2006). argues that burgeoning levels of consumption, enhanced levels of ecological degradation, a growing public mistrust of science and vast inequalities in economic opportunities is to blame. Nevertheless, it is clear that sustainable development has yet to be achieved and in actual retrospect, unsustainab le development is winning currently. Perhaps the reason why the process has been ineffective is due to constant change experienced at environmental, social and economic levels in the modern world. However, the process of sustainable development is still important and support in the international community is evident. However, the process is faced by threats from its greatest enemy, a function of neoliberalism, globalization. One of the major obstacles to achieving sustainable development is globalization. Globalization is perhaps the grandest form of obstacle towards SD. This can be owed to the fact that it affects the three pillars of sustainable development; economic growth, social equity and environmental integrity. The precise definition of globalization is not known. Globalization as a term remains elusive (Castells, 1996: Mclauhan, 1962, Van Dijik, 1991; Gigoux and Samson, 2009) .Paehlke (n.d) describes it as simultaneous expansion of international investment and trade, the integration of social, cultural and economic activities and the acceleration of the international community, travel and personal interaction. However, Robinson (2007:125) cited in (Gigoux and Samson ,2009) summarizes the characteristics of globalization as ; a globalized economy involving new systems of production, finance and consumption and world economic integration. New transnational or global cultural patterns, practices an d flows, and the idea of global cultures ,global political process, the rise of new transnational institutions and concomitantly, the spread of global governance and the authority structures of diverse sorts ,unprecedented multidirectional movements of peoples around the world involving new patterns of transnational migration identities and communities and finally new social hierarchies forms of inequalities and relations of domination around the world. From these characteristics globalization is depicted as an international layout that involves integration of systems. Globalization seems unstoppable and is now commonly referred commonly as the new world order. This new paradigm as previously mentioned affects economic social and environmental factors of sustainable development. Proponents of the globalization paradigm see it as a new discourse to achieving social, economic and environmental equity. Dasgupta (2007) asserts that globalization emphasizes the potential of capital accumulation and technological improvements to compensate for environmental degradation. The Brundtland report actually encouraged the internationalization of the three pillars of development. This is probably why globalization has still been accepted as a possible strategy to achieving sustainable development. Contradicting this theory is the current situation occurring globally, the spread of globalization has been unstoppable. It has left in its wake more demerits than merits that have adversely affected sustainable development. Globalization can be said to be biased towards achieving economic growth. The Brundtland report stressed the need for equity in order to achieve sustainable development. The three pillars of sustainable development are highly interlinked. If one is to be encouraged more than the other, imbalance in the system is likely to occur. As Robinson described one of the characteristics of globalization as a new hierarchal form of inequality, it is in this light that we attribute the challenges of sustainable development under the globalization bracket. Globalization has its main objective as economic growth. In an ideal sustainable world, achievement of economic growth should go hand in hand with societal equity and environmental integrity. However, the situation currently being experienced around the globe is one where economic growth has taken precedence. The result is a society that is experiencing the worst forms of inequality. Globalization has opened the markets making it a free global market. Liberation of trade has led to an increase in employment opportunities in most industrialized countries. This has led to a wave of labour migration to occur. Most of these migrant workers come from developing countries. Throughout history, migration has been a courageous expression of the individuals will to overcome adversity and to live a better life (Zollinger, 2007). However, globalization has led to the highest number of labour migrants in history. According to the International Labour Office (ILO,2007) an estimated 191 million wor kers were migrants. In addition, 81 million together with their families accounted for 90% of the international migrants. Globalization has led to a decrease in the regulation of the labour market, growth in the informal sector and a new form of exploitation (Financial Express 2006). This has led to the re introduction of the term, precarious work to be used especially in the neoliberal regime (Munck, 2010). Discrimination against women has also been observed during the process. Female labourers are exploited in terms of work, pay hours and contracts. The United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) states that demand for female migrants results from a number of global forces in which gender roles and sex discrimination are intertwined with globalization (Financial Express,2006). The vast number of labour migrations taking place led to the development of international legal frameworks such asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. that cater to the . surprisingly, labour movement are also supportin g the rights of migrant workers. Munck (2010) attributes this to the fact that this has provided the trade unions with a new platform for revitalization after the long neoliberal onslaught. Another negative impact due to globalization that stands out greatly is inequality in income. This has occurred in two forms; international inequality and intranational inequality. The former refers to the difference income levels of citizens of different states. The latter refers to the disparities between individuals of the same state. International income inequality is mainly due to lower economic growth and faster population growth in developing countries than OECD countries (Wade, 2001) as cited in (Borghesi and Vercelli, 2006). Data released by the World bank in 2007 showed that people living on less than a dollar decreased from 1.25billion to 1 billion (World Bank ,2007). However in regions such as the sub-Saharan Africa, the poor increased by 60 million (Zollinger, 2007). The UNDP (2007) stresses this aspect further by stating, the Champaign effect if the world was one country, 201% of the world population would have more than three quarters of worldwide income, while the poo rest 40% would have 5%. An American citizen in 1990 was thirty eight times richer than an inhabitant in Tanzania. This has increased by sixty one times today. (UNDP, 2006). The inequalities between countries according to Lindhert and Williamson (2001) in Borghesi and Vercelli (2006) argue that, those countries that participated in the globalization discourse experienced growth and at the same time opened up their borders to inequality through liberation of markets and following autarkic policies. They further assert that countries excluded or isolated from this process lag behind while those who participate in it join the what they refer to as convergence club. Their thoughts perhaps reflect what Brundtland Commission had predicted asymmetry in international economic relations compounds imbalance as developing nations are generally influenced -by I but unable to influence international conditions (WCED,1987, p.67). Intranational inequality has also increased over the years especial ly in developed countries such as Great Britain and the USA. The number of working poor is increasing at an alarming rate in the industrialized countries. The working class seems to be short changed by the globalization paradigm. Take the case of an American manager, his/her income has increased in the past 20 years from being fourty times higher as the average income to one hundred and ten times. This can be attributed to the different access to globalization between these two factions. Therefore, it can be said that globalization albeit promoting one pillar of sustainable development, i.e. economic growth has led to serious disparities in the social world with high levels of inequality and increase in poverty especially in the developing countries. Sustainable development requires the prudent use of natural resources in order to ensure that future generations enjoy the same access to nature as the present generation. The intrinsic relation between the environment and economic growth together with social factors has led to disastrous changes in the environment. of the three pillars of sustainable development, this is perhaps the worst hit in present day. The consequences of environmental degradation has led to social and political discourse that is least to say wanting. A major function on of globalization is industrialization. The internalization of industrialization to the greatest threat on earth currently, global warming. Global is as a result of extensive industrialization. Stiglitz (2007) asserts that there is no issue as global as global warming; everyone shares the same atmosphere. Emissions from industrialized countries such as the USA and China cross boarders and eventually affect the poorest of the countries in the wo rld. Stiglitz expresses his worry using the case of Bangladesh and the Maldives. Bangladesh is a rice growing country. Due to its location, it is vulnerable to sea levels. Global warming will eventually affect sea levels. The country is likely to be submerged. Stiglitz predicts this to be one third of the country. Being a rice growing nation, their source of livelihoods will simply be destroyed and thus and to the total challenge of global poverty. Maldives on the other hand according to predictions its predicament due to global warming is going to occur very soon. This tropical paradise might be completely submerged in the next fifty years. Natural resources are being exploited at an alarming rate during this period of intense globalization. The destruction of natural resources can only lead to dire consequences on the environment and society as a whole. Natural resources are essential for the lifeline of the planet. Forests are especially important. They are a natural sink for carbon. During this period of increased green house gas emissions, their carbon sequestration is needed to absorb the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. However, the demand for land for development has seen industrialized nations transfer their projects to tropical rain forests which are mostly located in developing countries. Take the example of the Amazonian forest. This is the largest rain forest in the world. However, its distraction is occurring at an alarming rate to give way for development of dams, settlers and loggers. Research stipulates that the Amazonian forests vanishing at a rate of 200,000 square miles a year. On the other si de of the globe, in Africa, Cameroons tropical forest is at risk of multi cooperation exploitation. An example is the Herackles Farm company. It has to date destroyed 72 000 hectares of land. This is for the palm oil project they intend to set up in the region. Palm oil is used to produce biodiesel, a cleaner source of energy to fossil fuel. The destruction of this forest has not only destroyed the landscape of the forest but has also destroyed the migratory paths of the wildlife animals in the tropical forest. Destruction of forests not only affects carbon sequestration, it also affects climatic conditions. Take the case of Kenya, the past ten years has seen the country destroy its major water tower, the Mau forest. This forest has been destroyed mostly to give way to the colonial pressure of land and the government decided to settle people in this forest. What followed is extensive logging in the forest. Microclimatic conditions started occurring following this. The country experi enced the worst drought spell in the year 2009. Agriculture was highly affected and hunger followed. The hydroelectric industry and the tea industry were also affected. This being key revenue sources for the nation (Morgan, 2009). Still on the case of forest depletion, biodiversity loss must be addressed. Biodiversity is one of them major concerns the Brundtland commission had in Our Common Future. Brail boasts around 55 000 species of flora amounting to some 22% of the worlds total. The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD, 2010) reported that forests account for more than two thirds on net primary production on land and the conversion of solar energy into plant matter. Therefore, a global check to ensure sustainable use of natural resources should be addressed and fast. The destruction of natural resources has also led to societal pressures. There is an intrinsic connection between man and nature. This intrinsic connection with nature is slowly being destroyed by globalization. The indigenous peoples for example have been shortchanged by globalization. The indigenous peoples of the world live in the most biodiverse areas of the world. This is probably the reason why they have become prime targets of global corporations who have already depleted their natural resources. GAoing back to the Amazon, one will find the Awa tribe. This tribe are hunters and gathers and rely on the rainforest for their source of livelihood. Encroachment of the forest by loggers and new settlers threat their lifestyle. Survival International (2012,a) in one of their films; The Worlds Most Threatened Tribe, shows the plight of these people. One tribesman is captures asking why are they doing this to us? If they destroy the forest they destroy us. Extractive industries have al so led to loss of biodiversity and added to the plight of the indigenous peoples. According to the UNHCR (2011), extractive industries generated effects that often infringe upon indigenous peoples rights. The Palawan of the Phillipinnes for example are a fighting the nickel mining industry. Mining causes the worst environmental and societal footprints. Mining causes; destruction of landscapes, destruction of agricultural land, sedimentation and erosion soil and water contamination. In a film by the Survival International (2012,b), Palawan Voices from the Last Frontier depicts clearly the plight of these people. A mother is seen worrying about the future generations and how they will manage to experience the forest due to the mining industry. Contamination of their waters has led to diseases that these people who are rarely in contact with others have contracted. With no access to healthcare, they are losing lives. However. Indigenous peoples have managed to fight the tentacles of gl obalization. Armed with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples, they are fighting this global order. Economic growth leads to an increase in Industrial activities. This leads to an increase in per capita. This eventually leads to an increase in population that has proved to be a crucial factor in environmental degradation. (Borghesi and Vercelli, 2006). The Brundtland report expressed its concerns on the rate of population growth especially in Africa. For example population pressure in Kenya has led to the destruction of conservation of wildlife. Land use favouring agricultural and rural development has led to reduction of wildlife conservation areas leading to extinction of some species. (Okech, n.d).There is a conflict between the wildlife and humans who have encroached their conservancies and reserves. Human encroachment was estimated to be 72% and loss of conservation due to degradation of wildlife migration corridors was said to be 70% (Okech, n.d). The killings of wildlife by the population due to destruction of agricultural crops from animals such as the elephants has led to a conflict in government. The Government is trapped on whether to support the people or support wildlife interests. More often than not it has resulted in favouring the latter, reason? Tourism in Kenya is one of the largest revenue earners of the country. Still on the issue of wildlife conservation, the opening of borders has enabled an increase in poaching in Kenya. About a hundred elephants are killed in a year in Kenya (BBC, 2013). The free markets have enabled an international market for ivory especially in Asia. Poachers have increased in the country and this is one of the major contentious issues affecting the country currently under globalization. Another major paradigm brought about by the new era of globalization is security. After the cold war, the world was still in a state of security threats. Globalization has brought about migration of people, spread of knowledge, advanced technologies and extreme climate change all of which bring about strong security implications. The more traditional type of security threat brought about by political and military actions has become even more stronger with the advancement of technology in the globalized era. In addition, better transport and communication systems have made the transfer of weapons across borders easier and faster. Advanced technologies have also led to development of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to spread across the globe. Not only are the super powers such as the US manage to develop these weapons, less developed countries are equipping themselves with these weapons. (Davis, n.d) suggests that strategies need to be developed in order to ensure this security threat is kept intact. He suggests that non proliferation tools such as domestic and international mechanisms for storage and transfer, multilateral export controls, arms control verification and enforcement measures would need to be evaluated. (Davis, n.d). Apart from the traditional form of security threat, climate change has brought about a new type of threat in the new world order. Climate change can lead to transnational threats that occur due to migration, and extensive competition for resources due to environmental stress. This burden may lead to threat of violence especially in vulnerable states. (Dabelko,2008). Take the case of the Ilemi triangle. This is a region that supports a fragile ecosystem charecterised by the only surviving riparian forest. The Ilemi triangle is shared by several countries, Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia. The pressures of the Gibe III dam and the existing climatic changes may lead for competition of resources such as water grazing land and political conflict involving at least five ethnic tribes. In addition these tribes are equipped with weapons such as guns due to their pastoralists lifestyles. The Brundtland report had already addressed this issue in its introductory chapter of Our Common Future. It asked states to include environmental stress as a possible threat to national sovereignty together with the traditional political and military threats .The UNDP also suggested that environmental security was one area that should constitute a new global security paradigm. (Dabelko, 2008). Prominent reports by the EU, USA and the UK have also addressed this issue in their polices and identified strong linkages between security and the environment for the first time in 2007, the UN security council with a push from the UK devoted a session that addressed the environment as a security issue. Ban Ki Mon also linked the efforts of the UN to battle climate change with its mission to address underlying causes of conflict in Darfur Sudan. (Dabelko, 2008). Another strong body that has supported environmental security is the Norwegian Nobel Committee that called climate change both a fundamental threat to human wellbeing and a contributing factor to more traditional conflict. This was an echo of th e WCED statement in 1987. All the above described factors of the globalization paradigm could be avoided or reduced in order to achieve sustainable development through the global political network and global governance. However, the implementation of most of these international polices have failed and thus dire consequences on sustainable development. Global governance is described as a political process that is meant to address all the problems that are beyond the capacities of a single state (Zollinger, 2007). However, governance starts at national levels. Most states especially those in the South fail to address the human and financial issues to the international arena. The political leadership especially in the developing nations seems to have surrendered to the powers of liberation. Political motivation towards addressing environmental issues is lacking. At the international front, the Rio summit seems to have failed the sustainable development paradigm.. Rio had the hopes of placing the environmental crisis on the international agenda. The environment since the Rio Summit in 1992 has been degraded immensely. Green house gases are at an all time high. Its subsequent convention the Kyoto protocol has also failed to show its strength countries like the USA have withdrawn from the KP regime. The irony is, the USA is the leading producer of GHG emissions. Khor (2001) argues that Rio failed to fulfill its promises because testing of sustainable development did not occur during implementation. Instead, SD came under competition of globalization. Globalization was given a further boost by the Marrakesh accord of 1994 that established the World Trade Organization (WTO) the strength of the WTO was its system which was based on retaliation and sanctions. As the WTO grew, globalization spread and thus undermined the sustainable development para digm (Khor, 2001). In conclusion, the administration of powers should go back to the more neutral organizations like the UN. The globalization proponents the WTO and the Bretton Woods Institutions power in the global world should be neutralized. They are both proponents of liberalism and protectionism (Khor, 2007). Better presentation of the Southern nations at the international scene should occur. This will ensure a possible balance between globalization and Sustainable development. As for now sustainable development paradigm remains to be a utopic dream.

Constitution Position Paper :: essays research papers

The falls of this country are due to the Articles of Confederation and a weak centralized government. To correct this, a strong national government will need to take its place. The majority of this delegation wishes to accept the Constitution as the new federal government of the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many good arguments were brought up during the proceedings such as William Paterson’s view of revising the Articles and proposing the union of the states as merely federal. Alexander Hamilton’s idea of a supreme executive serving during good behavior or life with veto power over all laws. Both of these were rejected. Paterson’s plan because there are too many faults with the Articles and Hamilton’s idea because it is too close to a form of monarchy. The most accepted idea was by Edmund Randolph and James Madison. In it they proposed the government be broken up into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial; and each branch to check and balance each other’s power. This centralized government would have the power to veto laws enacted by state legislatures. The majority of the delegates voted on a supreme power national government over the federations being an agreement resting on the good faith of its members.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The many problems in the Articles of Confederation that led us to throw it away rather than to amend it were its inability to tax, no national court system, no executive to enforce acts of Congress, lack of regulation of foreign and interstate commerce, amendments with consent of all states, and the fact that the articles are only a firm league of friendship that is non-binding. There are too many changes to me made to have the state legislatures vote on it. The result would be no changes for the legislatures stand to loose power. The only way that changes will be made if we start new.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many new issues came up with the Constitution and they were settled. The issue of legislation was fixed with a bicameral legislature with two houses where one is represented equally by each state is allotted two votes while the other is based on population. How slaves would be counted was settled where every five slaves counted as three persons.

Child Development and Attachment Theory

In this essay I will critically consider how social workers can use their understanding of Child Development and Attachment Theory in the assessment of children and families. To do this I will first discuss the aims of assessment in order to talk about how Development and Attachment theory can be used by social workers to meet these aims as well as the limitations of these theories. In order to critically discuss the use of Developmental and Attachment Theory in assessment it is first important to understand what assessment is, and what its aims are.The assessment of children and families is nothing new but until the late 1970s it was something that was generally perceived to be a task of when children were taken into care. In 1981 it was recommended that a boarder approach should be used for children who required support but it was not until 1988 that the government produced practice guidance on assessment (Horwath, 2010). The Children Act 1989 gave local authorities the duty of wor king with and supporting carers and families of ‘children in need’ defined under Part III section 17 of the Act.The focus was not just on protecting children from harm, but also promoting their welfare. In 1997 the Labour Government came into power and in 1998 announced the development of a national assessment framework as part of the Governments aim to modernise services and improve outcomes for children (Horwath, 2010). In 2000 The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families was published and emphasised the importance of a systematic and comprehensive assessment of children and their families (Bingley-Miller and Bentovim, 2003).Its is important to note that the framework is not meant to be a checklist but rather a framework that can be used to suit individual circumstances (Gray 2002), the framework is not just for social workers but has been constructed to assist practitioners in all disciplines think about what is happening to a child and the family. The Framework emphasises the importance of children’s development and promoting and safeguarding their welfare by preventing developmental impairment (Rose, 2010).The purpose of the framework is to see both the inner and outer worlds of children and to help the practitioner explore these worlds with the child, families and others involved and come to an agreement about what is happening and what support is needed. The framework has been modelled as a triangle and represents three domains to show the key aspects of the child’s inner and outer world, as shown below the triangle shows the importance of the child’s development needs, parenting capacity and family and environmental factors.

D O M I C A Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

D O M I C A Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers D O M I C A Je to najvacsia jaskya Slovenskeho krasu. Jej zakladom je wettersteinsky vapenec abola vytvorena cinnosou Styxu aDomickeho potoka. Stala sa aj kratkodobou skrysou pre najstarsich neolitickych obyvateov, neskor jej povodny vchod vsak bol zava leny astala sa nedostupnou. Vroku 1926 J. Majko ako prvy prenikol cez jaskyu Stara Domica do Domice avroku 1932 bola tato jaskya spristupnena pre verejnos. Na mnohych miestach sa nasli staroveke nadoby, zbrane zkosti, hrebene ci prstene, tieto stopy minulosti potvrdili , ze nasi predkovia obyvali jaskyu Domica. Stala sa aj naleziskom kosti jaskynneho medvea. Teraz vtejto jaskyni zije az 16 druhov netopierov. Vroku 1995 bola spolu s alsimi jaskyami Slovenskeho krasu zapisana do Zoznamu svetoveho prirodneho dedicstva UNESCO. Ako jedina jaskya na Slovensku ponuka okrem obhliadky stalaktitov, stalagmitov, stalagnatov a kaskadovitych jazierok aj plavbu lokou po riecke Styx . J e prepojena nielen sjaskyou Stara Domica, ale aj sCertovou dierou atvori jednotny celok sjaskyou Baradla , do ktorej sa vchadza z uzemia Maarska . Juliane Gerbel , TA Zdroje: ssj.sk slovensky-kras.eu

Free Essays on Early History Of Judaism

Early History of Judaism It has been argued that Judaism can be seen not only as a single religion, but also as a group of similar religions. It has also been pointed-out that through all the trials and tribulations that Judaism has suffered through, that there have been common themes that have proven omni-pervasive. Any institution with roots as ancient and varied as the religion of the Jews is bound to have a few variations, especially when most of its history takes place in the political and theological hot spot of the Middle East. In this discussion, many facets of Judaism will be examined, primarily in the three temporal subdivisions labeled the Tribal / Pre-Monarchy Period, the Divided Monarchy, and the Hasmonean / Maccabean and Roman Era. Among all the time periods where the religion has been split, these three seem to be the most representative of the forces responsible. As for a common thread seen throughout all Judaism, the area of focus here is the place associated with the religion: Jerusalem. This topic will be covered in detail first, and then the multiple Judaism arguments will be presented. In this way, it is possible to keep a common focus in mind when reading about all the other situations in which the religion has found itself. A brief conclusion follows the discussion. A Place to Call Home No other religion has ever been so attached to its birthplace as Judaism. Perhaps this is because Jews have been exiled and restricted from this place for most of their history. Jerusalem is not only home to Judaism, but to the Muslim and Christian religions as well. Historically this has made it quite a busy place for the various groups. Jerusalem is where the temple of the Jews once stood; the only place on the whole Earth where one could leave the confines of day-to-day life and get closer to God. In 586 BCE when the temple was destroyed, no Jew would have denied Jerusalem as being the ge... Free Essays on Early History Of Judaism Free Essays on Early History Of Judaism Early History of Judaism It has been argued that Judaism can be seen not only as a single religion, but also as a group of similar religions. It has also been pointed-out that through all the trials and tribulations that Judaism has suffered through, that there have been common themes that have proven omni-pervasive. Any institution with roots as ancient and varied as the religion of the Jews is bound to have a few variations, especially when most of its history takes place in the political and theological hot spot of the Middle East. In this discussion, many facets of Judaism will be examined, primarily in the three temporal subdivisions labeled the Tribal / Pre-Monarchy Period, the Divided Monarchy, and the Hasmonean / Maccabean and Roman Era. Among all the time periods where the religion has been split, these three seem to be the most representative of the forces responsible. As for a common thread seen throughout all Judaism, the area of focus here is the place associated with the religion: Jerusalem. This topic will be covered in detail first, and then the multiple Judaism arguments will be presented. In this way, it is possible to keep a common focus in mind when reading about all the other situations in which the religion has found itself. A brief conclusion follows the discussion. A Place to Call Home No other religion has ever been so attached to its birthplace as Judaism. Perhaps this is because Jews have been exiled and restricted from this place for most of their history. Jerusalem is not only home to Judaism, but to the Muslim and Christian religions as well. Historically this has made it quite a busy place for the various groups. Jerusalem is where the temple of the Jews once stood; the only place on the whole Earth where one could leave the confines of day-to-day life and get closer to God. In 586 BCE when the temple was destroyed, no Jew would have denied Jerusalem as being the ge...